Split is the second largest city in the Republic of Croatia and the largest Croatian city on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea. Surrounded by the Mosor Mountains in the northeast and Kozjak in the northwest, plunging into the sea in the west with a peninsular part, where the Maryansky forest and the island of Ciovo stand out. The 15 km promenade blends perfectly with the cobbled streets of the old town, spreading the spirit of the Mediterranean.
According to the 2011 census, there are 178,192 inhabitants in Split (96.23% Croats, other nationalities 3.77%). The population of Split is almost 40% of the inhabitants of Split-Dalmatia County, which has a population of 455,242 inhabitants, and just over 4% of the population of Croatia, which has a population of 4,290,612 inhabitants.
Split is an important cultural and transport center, the second largest port in Croatia and the third largest passenger port in the Mediterranean. It is the educational and administrative center of the Split-Dalmatia County. The port of Lori on the northern side of the peninsula is home to the headquarters of the Croatian Navy. After Zagreb, it has the largest number of diplomatic, consular and international representations in Croatia.
1. Marian is a hill with a height of 178 meters. The highest peak, called Telegrin, known as the telegraph station of the Napoleonic era, is 3.5 km high and 1.5 km wide, with a total area of 340 ha (half of which is covered with pine forest).
2. Palace of Diocletian. The beginning of the construction of the palace (28,900 m2) has not been precisely established. It is assumed that this was around 295. after the introduction of the tetrarchy (the reign of four). Although after his abdication in 305. in the year the palace had not yet been completed, Diocletian left Nicomedia and settled in it. After his death in 316. g. the palace remains under imperial authority. Its transformation into a city began in the seventh century, when the inhabitants of Salona took refuge in it under the onslaught of the Avars and Slavs. It is the largest and best preserved late antiquity palace in the world. The water pipeline, through which water came from the source of the Yadro River, is still partially used. According to some reports, the palace was not only a place of rest, but also a wool processing factory. In 480, Julius Nepos, the last legitimate emperor of the Western Roman Empire, was poisoned in the palace.
3. Cathedral of St. Douai, with a bell tower, the mausoleum of Emperor Diocletian.
Among European cathedrals, the Cathedral of St. Douai is the oldest. In it, history reconciles the ancient and Christian medieval heritage. In the middle of the 7th century it became a cathedral with altars and relics of St. Domnius and St. Stas.
At the initiative of the Archbishop of Split, Markantun de Dominis (1560-1624), the eastern part of the mausoleum wall was demolished at the beginning of the 17th century and the choirs were added, thereby expanding the cathedral. It is famous for its wooden doors, made by local craftsman Andriy Buvina in 1214, who carved 28 scenes from the life of Jesus out of walnut wood. The cathedral is decorated with the masterpiece of Yuri the Dalmatian - the altar of St. Stasha. The construction of the bell tower began around 1257 and continued until the middle of the 16th century, it combines elements of Romanesque and Gothic architecture.
Between the 4th and 3rd centuries B.C. the settlement of Aspalatos was founded near Salona. In the 1st century BC. it becomes a Roman colony and the capital of the province of Dalmatia. Around 295, Emperor Diocletian ordered the construction of a palace, which eventually turned into a fortified settlement of Spalatum, which acquired the features of a city after the fall of Salona in the 7th century.
Born in Dalmatia in what is now Croatia, the Roman Emperor Diocletian decided to voluntarily step down from the throne in 305 AD. For the luxurious spending of his last days, he decided to build a fortress near the place of his birth. Now this palace of Diocletian in Split is one of the most famous sights of Croatia.
The Roman ruler failed to live in this new luxurious place; he died in 308. After his death, the palace of Diocletian was abandoned, and only a few Roman emperors appeared here occasionally, including the last ruler of the Western Empire, Julius Nepos.
The raids of the barbarians in the 5th century forced the locals to move to the territory of this huge palace. Soon this building grows into a small town, which was inhabited by about 4 thousand people. Of course, the existing buildings inside the fortress had to be rebuilt for ordinary everyday needs, which greatly changed its appearance. By the XIV century, the population had grown so much that they had to go beyond the walls of the palace.
The exploration of the palace began only in the 6th century. The first sketches of these buildings were made in 1764 by Gobert Adam, an architect from England. Detailed measurements began much later. So G. Niemann had a hand in this in 1910, and later the next German researchers Hebrard and Seiler proposed their reconstruction of the entire palace, which is recognized as reliable to this day.
The walls were built of marbled limestone. The southern snow-white wall rose directly from the sea. A gallery ran along its top, where the emperor could stroll and enjoy the sea views. At the bottom there were gates, which could only be reached by boat.
From the ground, the fortress looked just as impregnable. White walls, rising to a height of 18-25 meters, were equipped with windows that illuminate the guard gallery. Each corner of the palace was reinforced by a tower. In addition, six towers guarded the gates to the fortress. On the northern wall were the Golden Gates, connecting the fortress with Salona. On the east - the Silver Gate, on the west - the Iron Gate.
The interior layout of the Diocletian's Palace in Split followed the traditions of building Roman camps. Two central streets, intersecting in the center, formed 4 quarters. It is worth noting that the arcades, traditional for the Roman Empire, accompanied the streets.
Split is connected by regular bus service to all major cities in Croatia, as well as cities in Bosnia and Herzegovina and other European cities. The city has a ferry service with the cities of Rijeka and Dubrovnik, with the islands of Brac, Hvar, Solta, Vis.
Blue Line http://www.blueline-ferries.com
SNAV http://www.snav.it Korcula, Lastovo, as well as with the Italian city of Ancona,
Timetables and prices for ferries from Split can be found on the official websites of the ferry companies:
Jadrolinija http://www.jadrolinija.hr
20 km from the city on the road to Trogir is the international airport KASTELA.
A monument to Bishop Gregory of Nin is erected at the northern Golden Gate of the Diocletian's Palace. The bishop fought against the wholesale Latinization of Slavic worship in Croatia, for the development and popularization of the Croatian language, and for the spread of Christianity in Croatia. Gregory of Ninsky demanded that all liturgies of the Roman Rite be conducted in the Slavic language, his main argument was the fact that the absolute ignorance of Latin by the majority of Croats hindered the spread of Christianity. He translated the Latin missal into Croatian, and the liturgical books, on his orders, were written exclusively in Glagolitic.
According to tourist belief, if you rub the big toe of the great bishop, then a wish will come true. Wish will definitely come true!
Fountain Pirija. It was installed on Marmontovaya street in 1998 on Marmontovaya street, the author of the sculpture Kazimir Hraste. Water from a stone hand pours into a bronze funnel. The sculpture was installed in 1998 and is one of the most unusual sculptures in the world. The fountain does not function all year round. The fountain is equipped with meteorological sensors, which, in case of strong wind, give a signal and the fountain automatically turns off and the stream of water does not flow past the bowl.
Part of the city of Split is the fish market. Here you can find absolutely any inhabitant of the Adriatic Sea - shrimps, clams, squids and even giant octopuses, looking at the tentacles of which makes you feel uncomfortable... And you can ask to fillet or just clean the fish. The market is open until 13.00, from about 12.00 prices are almost halved. But, nevertheless, it is worth coming early, during the season the demand exceeds the supply.